"The emergence of new technologies is a complex, multi-dimensional process shaped by the strategies of different actors, a variety of institutional structures and developments in a broader context. Due to a high degree of interrelations, e.g. between political, societal and technological developments, socio-technical systems emerge in a non-linear fashion."

From System Complexity to Emergent Properties, 1st Edition | GUIDE BOOK

From System Complexity to Emergent Properties, 1st Edition | GUIDE BOOK: "Emergence and complexity refer to the appearance of higher-level properties and behaviours of a system that obviously comes from the collective dynamics of that system's components. These properties are not directly deducible from the lower-level motion of that system. Emergent properties are properties of the 'whole' that are not possessed by any of the individual parts making up that whole. Such phenomena exist in various domains and can be described, using complexity concepts and thematic knowledges."

Managing complex adaptive systems

Managing complex adaptive systems: "According to Sholom Glouberman and Brenda Zimmerman systems can be understood as being simple, complicated, complex. Simple problems, such as following a recipe or protocol, may encompass some basic issues of technique and terminology, but once these are mastered, following the 'recipe' carries with it a very high assurance of success. Complicated problems, like sending a rocket to the moon, are different. Their complicated nature is often related not only to the scale of a problem (cf. simple systems), but also to issues of coordination or specialised expertise. However, rockets are similar to each other and because of this following one success there can be a relatively high degree of certainty of outcome repetition. In contrast complex systems are based on relationships, and their properties of self-organisation, interconnectedness and evolution."